| 1 |
What people mean when they say AI
The word covers four different things, and the arguments are usually about which one.
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ai-basics | in studio › |
| 2 |
Machine learning, and the neural network underneath it
Nobody wrote the rules — they were found in examples. And the thing that finds them is layers of dials, turned by being wrong over and over.
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ai-basics | in studio › |
| 3 |
Learning with labels, and learning without
Someone marked the answers, or nobody did — and the two produce different machines.
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ai-basics | |
| 4 |
Sorting, making, and meaning as a place
Classification picks from what exists, generation produces what did not — and both need a space where similar things sit near each other. That space is an embedding.
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ai-basics | |
| 5 |
The data was the teacher
What went in decides what comes out, which is why bias is not a bolt-on problem.
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ai-basics | |
| 6 |
What an answer actually costs
Training costs a fortune once, using costs a fraction every single time — and the second one is the number people argue about, in watt-hours and millilitres.
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ai-basics | |
| 7 |
How a generative model actually makes something
Data in, model in the middle, something new out — the pipeline, end to end.
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foundations | |
| 8 |
The guess in the middle
Sampling: it picks from likely options rather than reciting, and that is the whole difference.
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foundations | |
| 9 |
What generative AI is good for, and what it is not
The honest use-case list, including the ones everyone keeps trying that do not work.
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ai-basics | |
| 10 |
Check yourself: the vocabulary so far
Retrieval practice. Every word from this season, used on a problem rather than defined.
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ai-basics | |
| 11 |
Why now, and not ten years ago
A short history — the 2017 paper, the 2022 moment, and why the gap between them was so long.
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ai-basics | |
| 12 |
Attention, or why 2017 changed everything
Reading everything at once instead of left to right, and what that unlocked.
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foundations |
| 1 |
Why AI confidently makes things up
A confident citation that never existed, and the one mechanism underneath it.
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foundations | in studio › |
| 2 |
What a model actually stores
Weights are not a filing cabinet — nothing is looked up, everything is rebuilt.
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foundations | |
| 3 |
Why the same question gets different answers
Sampling is a dial, not a bug, and the phrasing you chose moved it.
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prompt-engineering | |
| 4 |
The prompt that worked once
A prompt tuned on one example quietly fails the second, and why examples beat adjectives.
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prompt-engineering | |
| 5 |
What the model can actually see
The window is the whole world it has — everything else is a rumour.
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context-engineering | |
| 6 |
The conversation that forgot
What falls out of a long chat, and why it is the middle that goes first.
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context-engineering | |
| 7 |
Check yourself: prompt, context, or model
Retrieval practice at the season's midpoint — three failures, and which layer broke.
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foundations | |
| 8 |
Giving the model hands
A tool call is the model asking someone else to do the part it cannot.
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tools-and-mcp | |
| 9 |
The tool that lied back
A tool returned nothing useful and the model narrated success anyway.
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tools-and-mcp | |
| 10 |
What makes something an agent
The loop — think, act, look at the result, go again.
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agents-and-harness | |
| 11 |
The scaffolding around the loop
The harness holds the tools, the limits and the stop button. The model is the smaller half.
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agents-and-harness | |
| 12 |
The agent that would not stop
A loop with no exit condition is a bill, and where the stop button belongs.
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agents-and-harness | |
| 13 |
From demo to something you trust
What has to be true before you leave it running unattended.
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reliability | |
| 14 |
The failure you only see at scale
One in six is invisible in a demo and obvious across a hundred runs.
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reliability |
| 1 |
The model menu
What actually differs between the famous models, past the benchmark table.
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landscape | |
| 2 |
Big model, small model, right model
The cheapest one that passes is the right one — measured here, flash beat pro.
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landscape | |
| 3 |
What a single answer costs
Tokens are the unit of the bill, and the bill is usually the prompt.
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other | needs a cost deck |
| 4 |
The cost that surprises you
Retries, long context and agent loops are where the money actually goes.
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other | needs a cost deck |
| 5 |
Letting it look things up
Retrieval, named — when reaching for a document beats explaining it.
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other | needs a retrieval deck |
| 6 |
Prompt it, or give it the document
The first fork, and the cheap answer wins more often than anyone expects.
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other | needs a retrieval deck |
| 7 |
When training is actually the answer
Fine-tuning earns its cost rarely — ours was beaten by simply showing a reference image.
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other | needs a retrieval deck |
| 8 |
When the input is a picture
What changes when the model can see, and what does not.
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other | needs a multimodal deck |
| 9 |
Asking for an image
Why a reference beats an adjective, and why text in a generated image is a trap.
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other | needs a multimodal deck |
| 10 |
Someone else's computer, or your own
Hosted or local, open or closed — what each one costs you in money, privacy and control.
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other | needs a landscape-local deck |
| 1 |
Chat, tool, or agent
Three ways of working, and the kind of task each one actually fits.
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ways-of-working | |
| 2 |
The task you should not hand over
What stays human, and how to tell before you find out the hard way.
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ways-of-working | |
| 3 |
Rebuilding one task around AI
A real weekly task, taken apart and put back together.
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ways-of-working | |
| 4 |
The handoff
Where the work crosses from you to it and back, and what breaks at the seam.
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ways-of-working | |
| 5 |
For people who write
Drafting, editing and the voice problem.
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other | needs a roles deck |
| 6 |
For people who decide
Summaries you can act on, and the ones you cannot.
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other | needs a roles deck |
| 7 |
For people who build
Where it accelerates and where it quietly costs you a day.
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other | needs a roles deck |
| 8 |
For people who teach
Explaining with it, and the honesty problem that comes with it.
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other | needs a roles deck |
| 1 |
Good enough for what
There is no general "good", only good enough for a named job.
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reliability | |
| 2 |
The rule from outside
You fence the blind spot rather than curing it — no pull, no number.
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reliability | |
| 3 |
Writing your first eval
Twenty examples and a verdict beats an opinion, every time.
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other | needs a evals deck |
| 4 |
The judge that agreed with everything
A grader that never fails anything is measuring nothing.
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other | needs a evals deck |
| 5 |
What you just sent them
Where your text goes, what is retained, and what that means for your data.
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other | needs a governance deck |
| 6 |
The permission you did not give
Agents act, and an action is not a draft you can ignore.
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other | needs a governance deck |
| 7 |
Deciding to turn it off
What you would measure, and what would make you stop.
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other | needs a governance deck |
| 8 |
Trying to break it on purpose
Red-teaming: you are not testing whether it works, you are hunting for the input that ruins it.
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other | needs a evals deck |
| 9 |
Watching it after you walk away
Nothing tells you it got worse. Monitoring and drift are how you find out before your users do.
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other | needs a governance deck |
| 10 |
Season review — trust, end to end
The interleaved episode: every earlier failure, diagnosed in one pass.
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reliability |
| 1 |
The smallest useful thing
Scope it down until it is a weekend, then ship it.
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applied | |
| 2 |
What I actually built
A real case study, end to end, including the parts that failed.
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applied | |
| 3 |
The part that broke in public
What went wrong after it was live, and what the fix taught.
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applied | |
| 4 |
What it costs to run
The bill after a month, and which line was the surprise.
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applied | |
| 5 |
Handing it to someone else
What has to be written down before anyone else can run it.
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applied | |
| 6 |
The model you built on is going away
Deprecations and upgrades change behaviour under you — what to pin, and what to re-test.
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applied | |
| 7 |
Capstone — ship one, and say what it costs
The final performance: a working thing, its costs, its failure modes.
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applied |
| 1 |
The ban the model kept ignoring
Three sheets in a row drew words into pictures despite an absolute no-text rule. The ban only held once it said what to draw instead.
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prompt-engineering | |
| 2 |
It drew eyes on a character with no eyes
One line said the user has no face; another said it "looks annoyed and stern". The specific instruction won, five panels out of eight.
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prompt-engineering | |
| 3 |
The rule nobody told the writer
A grade-A draft was rejected for breaking a limit that appeared nowhere in its brief. The gate was right and invisible, which is the same as being wrong.
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prompt-engineering | |
| 4 |
The check tuned for the wrong failure
A text detector set at high confidence passed a picture with words drawn into it — the faint lettering scored exactly where the threshold had dismissed it as noise.
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reliability | |
| 5 |
Nine copies of the same thing
Every run wrote the same files and added a row, and every reader took the newest. The old rows were never old work; they were this work, described wrongly.
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reliability | |
| 6 |
One word, and everything had to be redrawn
Cache keys made of the whole prompt mean editing one shared sentence orphans every cached image at once. Correct, and expensive at series scale.
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reliability | |
| 7 |
The output grew and the timeout did not
Asking for three times more text made a call that had always worked start failing at a limit set for the old size.
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reliability | |
| 8 |
The model that sounded better and lost anyway
A local voice judged nicer by ear was nine times slower than the free hosted one, which also transcribed back more accurately. Taste lost to measurement.
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landscape | |
| 9 |
The training run we did not need
A fine-tune was scoped and costed for character consistency. Showing the model one reference image solved it for nothing.
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landscape | |
| 10 |
The filter that was worse than no filter
A keyword pre-filter was measured against thirty-six hundred real verdicts and dropped almost nothing at acceptable recall. It stayed off, permanently.
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reliability |
| Why AI confidently lies (and how to catch it) | foundations | idea | studio › |